Major Baltic Inflow Statistics – Revised

Modelling the exceptional Baltic Sea inflow events in 2002–2003

[1] During 2002 and 2003 exceptional inflow events have been registered. In January 2003 a massive inflow of highly saline, cold and extremely oxygen-rich water from the North Sea was recorded at Darss Sill. This event is considered to be the most important inflow since 1993. A coupled model system for the Baltic Sea region, called BALTIMOS, was developed in the frame of DEKLIM/ BALTEX by linki...

SAR-Based Wind Resource Statistics in the Baltic Sea

Ocean winds in the Baltic Sea are expected to power many wind farms in the coming years. This study examines satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from Envisat ASAR for mapping wind resources with high spatial resolution. Around 900 collocated pairs of wind speed from SAR wind maps and from 10 meteorological masts, established specifically for wind energy in the study area, are compar...

Rapid re-oxygenation of Baltic Sea sediments following a large inflow event.

The Baltic Sea is the second largest (373 000 km) brackish water system in the world and experiences long periods of anoxia and hypoxia (\2 ml l) below the halocline at approximately 80 m depth. This ‘dead zone’ could have a below-halocline extension of 70 000 km (2011), which is similar to the area of Scotland. Although the Baltic Sea has had periods of low oxygen in historical times (Zillén e...

Cyanobacteria blooms in the Gulf of Finland triggered by saltwater inflow into the Baltic Sea

In the 1980s and 1990s prior to 1995, massive blooms of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena occurred in the Baltic Sea Proper but never extended into the central and eastern Gulf of Finland. The absence of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria blooms in parts of the Baltic Sea with a high N:P ratio (e.g. Gulf of Finland) has been explained by their reduced competitive advantage in condi...

Using and understanding medical statistics: 5th, revised and extended edition